Vacuuming Outer Space: Incentivizing Active Space Debris Removal Through a Licensing Model

Authors

Alex S. Li

Document Type

Article

Abstract

The increasing proliferation of space debris is jeopardizing satellites, space stations, and other ambitious activities in Earth’s orbits. This Article explores this growing concern and proposes an innovative licensing regime as a solution. It begins by surveying the space debris problem and examining the legal frameworks—both binding treaties and non-binding guidelines—that influence its management and mitigation. The paper then critically assesses several proposals advanced by legal scholars to bridge the gaps between these binding and non-binding measures, highlighting the issues these solutions face. In order to address these challenges, the Article advances a more collaborative and flexible approach: a licensing mechanism overseen by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (“IADC”). Through this process, the IADC can overcome the weaknesses of existing proposals by sidestepping reliance on external legal doctrines, avoiding the pitfalls of legally-binding definitions, and offering a more effective alternative to market-share liability frameworks.This model not only provides legal certainty for third-party debris-removal operators but also fosters broad international cooperation. Ultimately, by incentivizing new forms of engagement with the “space junk” issue, this licensing framework can preserve the long-term sustainability of Earth’s orbital environment for all.

Recommended Citation

Alex S. Li, Vacuuming Outer Space: Incentivizing Active Space Debris Removal Through a Licensing Model, 73 Buff. L. Rev. (2025).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol73/iss1/3